GRE常考词汇整理

　　1、a cross section of 典型;样品

　　【释义】典型;样品：

　　you refer to a cross section of particular things or people, you mean a group of them that you think is typical or representative of all of them.

　　【例句】The demonstration provided a platform for a broad cross section of speakers.

　　示威集会为具有广泛代表性的人士提供了发表意见的机会。

　　【官方真题】Although the new, improved bicycle had appealed immediately to a few privileged women, its impact would have been modest had it not attracted a greater cross section of the female population.

　　尽管这个新的，不断改善的自行车运动立刻吸引了一些有特权的女性，但是如果没有吸引到大量的女性的话，它的影响就会显得一般而已。

　　2、ascribe…to… 认为…是…所说/所为

　　常考1-认为…是…所说(或所为)：

　　if you ascribe something such as a quotation or a work of art to someone, you say that they said it or created it

　　【例1】He mistakenly ascribes the expression 'survival of the fittest' to Charles Darwin.

　　他错误地认为“适者生存”是查尔斯·达尔文说的。

　　【例2】It can be inferred that the “reluctance” mentioned in the passage is being ascribed to music critics generally.

　　可以推断出来，总体来看，文章提到的“不愿意”是哪些音乐家所为。

　　常考2-认为是…的特点;认为…具有：

　　if you ascribe a quality to someone, you consider that they possess it

　　【例1】We do not ascribe a superior wisdom to government or the state.

　　我们并不认为政府或是国家有超凡的智慧。

　　【例2】According to the passage, Thompson attributes to laboring people in eighteenth-century England which of the following attitudes toward capitalist consumerism?

　　根据文章，汤姆森认为18世纪英国的劳动人民对资本消费有下面哪种态度?

　　常考3-把…归因于;把…归咎于：

　　if you ascribe an event or condition to a particular cause, you say or consider that it was caused by that thing

　　【例1】An autopsy eventually ascribed the baby's death to sudden infant death syndrome.

　　尸检最终认定孩子死于婴儿猝死综合症。

　　【例2】This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education.

　　这个少数派认为，两性中的个别个体出生时在能力和性格方面是相似的，并且他们将男女差异归因于适应社会以及教育。

　　3、pass through 经历;遭受

　　【释义】经历;遭受：

　　if you pass through a stage of development or a period of time, you experience i

　　【例】The country was passing through a grave crisis.

　　那个国家正在经历一场严重危机。

　　【官方真题】But it did not retain the ancient Greek form: it passed through several reforming processes and exists today in many countries.

　　但是它并没有保持古希腊的形式：它经历数次改革，现在存在于多个国家之中。

　　4、run for 参加选举;竞选

　　【释义】参加选举;竞选：

　　if someone runs for office in an election, they take part as a candidate

　　【例1】It was only last February that he announced he would run for president.

　　去年2月，他才宣布自己将参加总统竞选。

　　【例2】The senator’s remark that she is ambivalent about running for a second term is persuasive given the extremely apathetic fund-raising activities of her campaign committee.

　　这位议员的声明—她还没决定是否参加第二届连任的竞选—是很可信的，考虑到她的竞选委员会的极为冷淡的募资活动。

　　【注】考生要注意考试中，也会出现run against，

　　例如：The senator's attempt to convince the public that she is not interested in running for a second term is as unsuccessful as her opponent's attempt to disguise his intention to run against her.

　　那个参议员尝试去说服大众--说她对竞选下一届的议员是没有兴趣的--就像她的对手想去试图掩饰和她竞争(竞选)--都是不成功的。

　　5、subject to sth. 使经受;使遭受

　　常考1-使经受;使遭受：

　　if you subject someone to something unpleasant, you make them experience it

　　【例1】Innocent civilians are being arrested and subjected to inhumane treatment.

　　无辜的平民正被逮捕并遭受非人的虐待。

　　【例2】Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous，wind pollinated plants have，in the view above, compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects.

　　由于花粉粒在长距离的运输过程中面临着潜在的巨大危险，按照上述观点，风媒授粉植物补偿了由随机事件造成的花粉损失，其途径是，制造出大于虫媒授粉植物所产生的花粉量的一至三个数量级的花粉量。

　　常考2-受…支配的;服从于…的：

　　if someone is subject to a particular set of rules or laws, they have to obey those rules or laws

　　【例】arguing that as a sovereign state it could not be subject to another country's laws

　　争论说作为一个主权国家其不受其他国家法律的约束

　　常考3-可能受…影响的;易遭受…的：

　　to be subject to something means to be affected by it or to be likely to be affected by it

　　【例】a disorder in which the person's mood is subject to wild swings from mania to depression

　　患者情绪在狂热和抑郁之间疯狂起伏的紊乱状态

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