通知：GRE作文题库又新增题目啦！

　　历年GRE考试变化：

　　2002年 GRE 大改版，取消了逻辑部分，逻辑题库纳入 GMAT 考试，新增 GRE 作文，作文测试纳入 GRE General 机考。第一期 Issue 题库244道题，其中，第37题和第97题一样，所以，无重复题目共计243道题。第一期 Argument 题库242道题，无重复。所以两项合计，GRE作文第一期总题库规模，无重复题目485道题。

　　2012年，GRE 取消了类比反义部分，重新从 GMAT 考试中把逻辑题部分拿回来，作文缩短了 Issue 考试时间，从45分钟减少到30分钟，从二选一题型，变成了一选一题型;Argument 考察方式不变。但是题目缩水严重，编号题目总体降到149 (Issue)+170 (Argument)=319道题，但其其中有近半数的重复题目，无重复题目约为63 (Issue)+84 (Argument) = 147道题。

　　2015年8月下旬，ETS悄悄新增了1道 Issue 和2道 Argument，2018年年底，ETS 又悄悄新增了2道 Issue 和1道 Argument。

　　2020年6月，全球都在抗击疫情的时候，ETS又更新了！题库当中减少了一些题目，如 Super Screen，但是，但是，但是，新增了5道 Issue，新增了7道 Argument!!!

　　Issue 新增题目：

　　1. We learn our most valuable lessons in life from struggling with our limitations rather than from enjoying our successes.

　　Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.

　　2. Claim: While boredom is often expressed with a sense of self-satisfaction, it should really be a source of embarrassment.

　　Reason: Boredom arises from alack of imagination and self-motivation.

　　Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.

　　3. Some people believe that the most important qualities of an effective teacher are understanding and empathy. Others believe that it is more important for teachers to be rigorous and demanding in their expectations for students.

　　Write a response in which youdiscuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.

　　4. Claim: Though often considered an objective pursuit, learning about the historical past requires creativity.

　　Reason: Because we can never know the past directly, we must reconstruct it by imaginatively interpreting historical accounts, documents, and artifacts.

　　Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reasonon which the claim is based.

　　5. Claim: No act is done purely for the benefit ofothers.

　　Reason: All actions — eventhose that seem to be done for other people — are based on self-interest.

　　Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.

　　Argument 新增题目：

　　1. The following appeared in a newsletter published by the Appleton school district.

　　"In a recent study more than 5,000 adolescents were asked how often they ate meals with their families. Almost 30 percent of the teens said they ate at least seven meals per week with their families. Furthermore, according to the same survey, teens who reported having the most family meals per week were also the ones least likely to have tried illegal drugs, tobacco, and alcohol. Family meals were also associated with lower rates of problems such as low grades in school, low self-esteem, and depression. We therefore recommend that families have as many meals together as possible. We predict that doing so will greatly benefit adolescents and turn troubled teens away from bad behaviors."

　　Write a response in which you discuss which questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

　　2. The following appeared in a health news letter.

　　"Nosinia is an herb that many users report to be as effective as prescription medications at fighting allergy symptoms. Researchers recently compared Nosinia to a placebo in 95 men and women with seasonal allergies to ragweed pollen. Participants in the study reported that neither Nosinia nor the placebo offered significant relief. However, for the most severe allergy symptoms, the researchers reported that Nosinia was more effective than the placebo in providing relief. Furthermore, at the end of the study, participants given Nosinia were more likely than participants given a placebo to report feeling healthier. We therefore recommend using Nosinia to help with your severe allergy symptoms.

　　Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

　　3. The following appeared on the Website Science News Today.

　　"In a recent survey ofmore than 5,000 adolescents, the teens who reported eating the most meals with their families were the least likely to use illegal drugs, tobacco, or alcohol. Family meals were also associated with higher grades, better self-esteem, and lower rates of depression. Almost 30 percent of the teens said they ate at least seven meals per week with their families. Clearly, having a high number of family meals keeps teens from engaging in bad behaviors."

　　Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.

　　4. According to an independent poll of 200 charitable organizations, overall donations of money to nonprofit groups increased last year, but educational institutions did not fare as well as other organizations. Donations to international aid groups increased the most (30 percent), followed by donations to environmental groups (23 percent), where as donations to educational institutions actually decreased slightly (3 percent). Meanwhile, all of the major economic indicators suggest that consumer spending is higher than average this year, showing that potential donors have ample disposable income. Therefore, the clearest explanation for the decline in donations to educational institutions is that people actually value education less than theydid in the past.

　　Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for thefacts presented in the argument.

　　5. The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Relannian newspaper.

　　Industry analysts report that the number of dairy farms in Relanna has increased by 25 percent over the last decade. Also, recent innovations in milking technology make it possible for farmers to significantly increase the efficiency of the milking process, allowing them to collect more milk in less time with minimal human intervention. In fact, data from the Relannian Department of Agriculture indicate that labor costs at the majority of Relannian dairy farms are actually lower now than they were ten years ago. Despite increased efficiency and lower labor costs, a carton of cream — a dairy product made from milk — at the localfood market costs twice as much as it did two years ago. The only explanation for this dramatic price increase is that farmers are inflating the price ofcream to increase their profits.

　　Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for thefacts presented in the argument.

　　6. Archaeologists have long thought that an artifact called the pemchint was used by Dodecan people solely as a musical instrument. Pemchints consist of hollowed pieces of bone, shell, or wood that are tied together with long straps. When whirled in the air, the pemchints create pleasant tones. Until recently, pemchints were found only at locations known tobe used for Dodecan rituals and celebrations. Additionally, they were always excavated in proximity to other musical artifacts. Recently, however, apemchint was found along with Dodecan hunters' tools located miles from the nearest known Dodecan settlement, while no other music-related objects were found in the area. Clearly, then, the pemchint was used by Dodecan hunters, who most probably used the sounds to repel dangerous wildlife.

　　Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.

　　7. Several recent studies have shown a link between health and stair usage. One recently completed study shows that people who live in stairs-only apartment buildings (that is, buildings without elevators) livean average of three years longer than do people who live in buildings with both elevators and stairs. A second study shows that elderly residents of buildings with elevators make, on average, twice as many visits to doctors each year asdo residents of buildings without elevators. Furthermore, several doctor's offices are reporting that residents of stairs-only buildings scored higher than average on questionnaires administered to new patients, in which the patients were asked to rate several aspects of their own health (e.g., fitness, sleep quality, susceptibility to injury, etc.). The clearest explanation for these findings is that the moderate daily exercise required of residents who must use the stairs instead of elevators increases people's health and longevity.

　　Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.

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